{"id":5238,"date":"2017-10-10T13:13:27","date_gmt":"2017-10-10T04:13:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sano.s2.coreblog.jp\/?p=5238"},"modified":"2018-01-23T19:23:22","modified_gmt":"2018-01-23T10:23:22","slug":"2017-10-10-%e6%83%85%e5%a0%b1%e5%85%ac%e5%85%b1%e8%ab%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sanosemi.com\/sano_lecture\/archives\/5238","title":{"rendered":"\u30b3\u30e2\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u60b2\u5287 vs \u30a2\u30f3\u30c1\u30b3\u30e2\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u60b2\u5287"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
\uff11\uff0e\u79c1\u7684\u8ca1\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u30fb\u6709\u7528\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3059\u300c\u30b3\u30e2\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u60b2\u5287\u300d vs \u5171\u6709\u8ca1\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u30fb\u6709\u7528\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3059\u300c\u30a2\u30f3\u30c1\u30b3\u30e2\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u60b2\u5287\u300d<\/div>\n
\n
\u300c\u30b3\u30e2\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u60b2\u5287\u300d\u3067\u53d6\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30b3\u30e2\u30f3\u30ba\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u7267\u8349\u5730\u306f\u3001\u3042\u308b\u5834\u6240\u306e\u7267\u8349\u3092\u4e00\u982d\u306e\u725b\u304c\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u725b\u304c\u98df\u3079\u305f\u5834\u6240\u306e\u7267\u8349\u3092\u4ed6\u306e\u725b\u304c\u98df\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u305d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3067\u3001\u300c\u30b3\u30e2\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u60b2\u5287\u300d\u554f\u984c\u306f\u300c\u6d88\u8cbb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7af6\u5408\u6027\u300d(rivalrousness)\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\u3082\u3061\u308d\u3093\u4e00\u982d\u306e\u725b\u304c\u98df\u3079\u308b\u91cf\u306b\u306f\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u9650\u5ea6\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u7267\u8349\u5730\u306e\u9762\u7a4d\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u305d\u306e\u7267\u8349\u5730\u306b\u3044\u308b\u725b\u306e\u6570\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u305d\u3046\u3057\u305f\u300c\u6d88\u8cbb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7af6\u5408\u6027\u300d\u306f\u9855\u5728\u7684\u306a\u554f\u984c\u3068\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u300c\u30b3\u30e2\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u60b2\u5287\u300d\u304c\u554f\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3001\u725b\u306e\u982d\u6570\u304c\u7267\u8349\u5730\u304c\u8a31\u5bb9\u3059\u308b\u9650\u754c\u982d\u6570\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u751f\u3058\u308b\u72b6\u6cc1\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u300c\u5b87\u5b99\u8239\u5730\u7403\u53f7\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6982\u5ff5\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u30af\u30e9\u30d6\u304c\u554f\u984c\u63d0\u8d77\u3057\u305f\u4eba\u9593\u793e\u4f1a\u306e\u6210\u9577\u30fb\u767a\u5c55\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5730\u7403\u8cc7\u6e90\u306e\u6709\u9650\u6027\u554f\u984c<\/a>\u3068\u540c\u3058\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u69cb\u9020\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u5730\u7403\u74b0\u5883\u554f\u984c\u306a\u3069\u3067\u554f\u984c\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5730\u7403\u8cc7\u6e90\u306e\u6709\u9650\u6027\u554f\u984c\u306f\u3001\u5927\u6c17\u3084\u6d77\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5730\u7403\u8cc7\u6e90\u304c19\u4e16\u7d00\u307e\u3067\u306e\u4eba\u9593\u793e\u4f1a\u306e\u300c\u751f\u7523\uff1d\u6d88\u8cbb\u300d\u6d3b\u52d5\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3067\u306f\u300c\u6d88\u8cbb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7af6\u5408\u6027\u300d\u304c\u554f\u984c\u3068\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\u300120\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u534a\u4ee5\u964d\u306b\u306a\u308a\u300c\u6d88\u8cbb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7af6\u5408\u6027\u300d\u304c\u554f\u984c\u3068\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/div>\n

\uff3b\u53c2\u8003\u56f3\uff3d\u8cc7\u6e90\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u5e81(2013)\u300c\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u6d88\u8cbb\u91cf\u3068\u4eba\u53e3\u306e\u63a8\u79fb\u300d\u300e\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u767d\u66f8\u300fp.8<\/a> [pdf\u7248]<\/a>\n<\/div>\n

\"2013html_1-1-1_001\"<\/p>\n

[\u539f\u51fa\u5178]United Nations,”The World at Six Billion”
\nUnited Nations(2013) “World Population Prospects 2010 Revision”Energy Transitions: History, Requirements, ProspectsBP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2012BP Energy Outlook 2030: January 2013<\/a>http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/population\/publications\/pdf\/trends\/WPP2010\/WPP2010_Volume-I_Comprehensive-Tables.pdf<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u3000<\/div>\n
[\u8003\u5bdf\u3057\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3046] <\/div>\n
\n
\u30b3\u30e2\u30f3\u30ba\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001 \u5730\u7403\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u3082\u306e\u304b\u3089\u5730\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u3082\u306e\u307e\u3067\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u3082\u306e\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u30b3\u30e2\u30f3\u30ba\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6349\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5bfe\u8c61\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u300c\u30b3\u30e2\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u60b2\u5287\u300d\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002
\n\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3092\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3092\u6319\u3052\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u300c\u30b3\u30e2\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u60b2\u5287\u300d\u554f\u984c\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30b3\u30e2\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b\u3092\u6319\u3052\u308b\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3001\u30b3\u30e2\u30f3\u30ba\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306b\u3082\u95a2\u308f\u3089\u305a\u306a\u305c\u300c\u30b3\u30e2\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u60b2\u5287\u300d\u554f\u984c\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304b\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u3000<\/div>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\uff12\uff0e\u516c\u5171\u8ca1\u306e\u516c\u5171\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9 — \u300c\u6d88\u8cbb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u975e-\u7af6\u5408\u6027(non-rivalrous)\u300d\u3068\u300c\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30e9\u30a4\u30c0\u30fc\u306e\u975e-\u6392\u9664\u6027(non-excludable)\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u7279\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064\u8ca1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u516c\u5171\u8ca1<\/div>\n
\n
\u4e09\u7701\u5802\u300e\u5927\u8f9e\u6797\u300f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u516c\u5171\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7528\u8a9e\u306f\u300c\u304a\u304a\u3084\u3051\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u5ca9\u6ce2\u66f8\u5e97\u300e\u5e83\u8f9e\u82d1\u300f\u7b2c4\u7248\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u516c\u5171\u8ca1\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7528\u8a9e\u306f\u300c\u305d\u306e\u4fbf\u76ca\u3092\u591a\u304f\u306e\u500b\u4eba\u304c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u4eab\u53d7\u3067\u304d\u3001\u3057\u304b\u3082\u5bfe\u4fa1\u306e\u652f\u6255\u8005\u3060\u3051\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8ca1\u8ca8\u30fb\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u300d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u516c\u5171\u8ca1\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u5f8c\u8005\u306e\u300e\u5e83\u8f9e\u82d1\u300f\u7b2c4\u7248\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306f\u3001\u516c\u5171\u8ca1\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u516c\u5171\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/div>\n
\u516c\u5171\u8ca1(public goods)\u306f\u3001\u516c\u5171\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u300c\u6d88\u8cbb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u975e\u7af6\u5408\u6027\u300d<\/b>\u3068\u300c\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30e9\u30a4\u30c0\u30fc\u306e\u6392\u9664\u4e0d\u80fd\u6027\u300d<\/b>\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u7279\u6027\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u3067\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/div>\n
\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4e3b\u8981\u306a\u7406\u7531\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u3092\u4e0b\u8a18\u306b\u6319\u3052\u308b\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000<\/div>\n
\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\uff11. rivalrous\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064\u8ca1\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u300c\u5229\u7528\u8005\u304b\u3089\u6599\u91d1\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/div>\n
\n
rivalrous\u306a\u8ca1\u306e\u5229\u7528\u306f\u5236\u9650\u305b\u3056\u308b\u3092\u5f97\u306a\u3044\uff08\u305d\u3046\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3068\u30b3\u30e2\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u60b2\u5287\u3068\u985e\u4f3c\u306e\u554f\u984c\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\uff09\u304c\u3001\u305d\u3046\u3057\u305f\u5236\u9650\u306e\u624b\u6bb5\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u304c\u6599\u91d1\u306e\u5fb4\u53ce\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u9996\u90fd\u9ad8\u901f\u9053\u8def\u306e\u5229\u7528\u6599\u3092\u7121\u6599\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u6df7\u96d1\u304c\u6975\u3081\u3066\u6fc0\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308a\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u9053\u8def\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u610f\u5473\u304c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u3002excludable\uff08\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30e9\u30a4\u30c0\u30fc\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3059\u308b\uff09\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u5229\u7528\u6599\u3092\u6255\u3063\u305f\u4eba\u3060\u3051\u304c\u5229\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u9053\u8def\u3068\u3044\u3046goods\u304c\u305d\u306e\u672c\u6765\u7684\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000\u305d\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306bexcludable\u306b\u3067\u304d\u308bgoods\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u305d\u306e\u63d0\u4f9b\u3092\u653f\u5e9c\u30fb\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f53\u30fb\u975e\u55b6\u5229\u7d44\u7e54\u306a\u3069\u516c\u5171\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u306e\u307f\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u610f\u5473\u306f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5229\u7528\u5bfe\u4fa1\u3084\u8ca9\u58f2\u4ee3\u91d1\u3092\u53d6\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u305d\u3046\u3057\u305fgoods\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u306a\u308b\u3079\u304f\u6570\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4f01\u696d\u306b\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3001goods\u306e\u300c\u8cea\u300d\u3001\u300c\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u91cf\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4fa1\u683c\u300d\u306a\u3069\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u81ea\u7531\u7af6\u4e89\u3092\u3055\u305b\u308b\u65b9\u304c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u306b\u3088\u308a\u597d\u307e\u3057\u3044\u3001\u3068\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u306f\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\uff12. \u4e0a\u8a18\u3068\u306f\u9006\u306bnon-rivalrous\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064\u8ca1\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u8ca1\u306e\u7dad\u6301\u30fb\u7ba1\u7406\u30fb\u518d\u751f\u7523\u306e\u8cbb\u7528\u304c\u300c\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u306e\u9867\u5ba2\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5229\u7528\u6599\u91d1\u30fb\u8ca9\u58f2\u4ee3\u91d1\u3067\u307e\u304b\u306a\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u300d\u8ca1\uff3b\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u4e00\u5b9a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u56fa\u5b9a\u8cbb\u306f\u304b\u304b\u308b\u304c\u5909\u52d5\u8cbb\u304c\u30bc\u30ed\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u8ca1\uff3d\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u305f\u9867\u5ba2\u30fb\u5229\u7528\u8005\u304b\u3089\u6599\u91d1\u3092\u53d6\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3082\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u8ca1\u306e\u7dad\u6301\u30fb\u7ba1\u7406\u30fb\u518d\u751f\u7523\u306e\u8cbb\u7528\u304c\u307b\u307c\u30bc\u30ed\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8ca1\uff3b\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u56fa\u5b9a\u8cbb\u3082\u5909\u52d5\u8cbb\u3082\u307b\u307c\u30bc\u30ed\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u8ca1\uff3d\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u300cfree rider\u3092\u6392\u9664\u305b\u305a\u3001\u5229\u7528\u8005\u304b\u3089\u6599\u91d1\u3092\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304f\u53d6\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6b63\u5f53\u3067\u3042\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/div>\n
[\u8003\u5bdf\u3057\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3046]\u660e\u6cbb\u5927\u5b66\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u3082\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7dad\u6301\u30fb\u7ba1\u7406\u30fb\u518d\u751f\u7523\u306e\u8cbb\u7528\u3092\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u304b\u3089\u306e\u6388\u696d\u6599\u53ce\u5165\u3067\u307e\u304b\u306a\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001rivalrous\u306b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u7bc4\u56f2\u5185\u3067\u3001free rider\u306e\u5229\u7528\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3092\u8003\u3048\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3046\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000<\/div>\n
\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\uff13. free rider\u3092\u6392\u9664\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\uff08\u5229\u7528\u6599\u91d1\u3084\u8ca9\u58f2\u4ee3\u91d1\u3092\u5fb4\u53ce\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\uff09non-excludable\u306a\u8ca1\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u55b6\u5229\u4f01\u696d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6301\u7d9a\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\u306f\u671f\u5f85\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u975e\u55b6\u5229\u7d44\u7e54\u30fb\u653f\u5e9c\u30fb\u81ea\u6cbb\u4f53\u306a\u3069\u516c\u5171\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u306b\u671f\u5f85\u3059\u308b\u307b\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/div>\n
\n
\u5e83\u544a\u30fb\u5ba3\u4f1d\u306a\u3069\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u306b\u81ea\u793e\u306e\u58f2\u4e0a\u62e1\u5927\u3084\u55b6\u696d\u5229\u76ca\u5897\u5927\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001\u55b6\u5229\u4f01\u696d\u3082non-excludable\u306a\u8ca1\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u305d\u3046\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u306b\u3082\u81ea\u793e\u306e\u58f2\u4e0a\u62e1\u5927\u3084\u55b6\u696d\u5229\u76ca\u5897\u5927\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306anon-excludable\u306a\u8ca1\u3092\u81ea\u793e\u306e\u55b6\u696d\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u4e00\u74b0\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306b\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u306f\u56f0\u96e3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n\u6599\u91d1\u3092\u652f\u6255\u308f\u305a\u306b
\n\t\t\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b
\n\t\tfree rider\u3092\u6392\u9664\u53ef\u80fd
\n\t\t(excludable<\/strong>)<\/td>\n		\u6599\u91d1\u3092\u652f\u6255\u308f\u305a\u306b
\n\t\t\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b
\n\t\tfree rider\u3092\u6392\u9664\u56f0\u96e3
\n\t\t(non-excludable<\/strong>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u591a\u6570\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u3088\u308b
\n\t\t\u540c\u6642\u5229\u7528\u304c\u56f0\u96e3
\n\t\t(rivalrous<\/strong>)<\/td>\n		\u79c1\u7684\u8ca1<\/span>
\n\t\t(private goods)<\/td>\n		common goods<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u591a\u6570\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306b\u3088\u308b
\n\t\t\u540c\u6642\u5229\u7528\u304c\u53ef\u80fd
\n\t\t(non-rivalrous<\/strong>)<\/td>\n		club goods<\/td>\n\u516c\u5171\u8ca1<\/span>
\n\t\t(public goods)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n
\u3000<\/div>\n
[\u8003\u5bdf\u3057\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3046] <\/div>\n
\n
\u6388\u696d\u3067\u306f\u3001rivalrous\u304b\u3064non-excludable\u306agoods\uff08common goods,Common-pool resource\uff09\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248wikipedia\u300cCommon-pool resource\u300d<\/a>\u3067\u306f\u4e0b\u8a18\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306bfish stocks, timber, coal\u304c\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/div>\n
(1) common goods(common-pool resource\uff09\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308bgood\u3092\u3069\u308c\u304b\u4e00\u3064\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u3066\u3001\u300c\u305d\u308c\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u610f\u5473\u3067Rivalrous\u304b\u3064Non-excludable\u306a\u8ca1\uff08goods\uff09\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff1f\u300d\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3092\u304a\u3053\u306a\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/div>\n
(2) \u6b21\u306b\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u304ccommon goods(common-pool resource\uff09\u306b\u8a72\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d6\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u305fgood\u304c\u3001\u672c\u5f53\u306brivalrous\u304b\u3064non-excludable\u306agood\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u8003\u5bdf\u3092\u304a\u3053\u306a\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nexcludable<\/strong><\/td>\nnon-excludable<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
rivalrous<\/strong><\/td>\nprivate goods<\/span>
food, clothing, cars,
parking spaces<\/td>\n		common goods<\/strong>
fish stocks, timber, coal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
non-rivalrous<\/strong><\/td>\nclub goods<\/strong>
cinemas, private parks,
satellite television<\/td>\n		public goods<\/strong>
free-to-air television, air,
national defense<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
[\u51fa\u5178]\u82f1\u8a9e\u7248wikipedia\u300cCommon-pool resource\u300d<\/a>,\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6574\u5408\u6027\u3092\u4fdd\u3064\u305f\u3081\u3001Common-pool resource\u3092common goods\u3068\u3059\u308b\u306a\u3069\u3001\u8868\u73fe\u3092\u4e00\u90e8\u8a02\u6b63\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u3000<\/div>\n
\uff13\uff0eclub goods\u306e\u5177\u4f53\u4f8b<\/div>\n
\u4e0b\u8a18\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u30dd\u30a4\u30f3\u30c8\uff12\u3067\u8ad6\u3058\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u4e00\u5b9a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u56fa\u5b9a\u8cbb\u306f\u304b\u304b\u308b\u304c\u3001\u5909\u52d5\u8cbb\u304c\u30bc\u30ed\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u8ca1\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306b\u5f53\u3066\u306f\u307e\u308b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u7bc4\u56f2\u5185\u3067non-rivalrous\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08\u305d\u308c\u3086\u3048\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u4f1a\u54e1\u6570\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff09\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3001free rider\u306e\u6392\u9664\u304c\u6cd5\u7684\u30fb\u6280\u8853\u7684\u306b\u53ef\u80fd\u306aexcludable\u3067\u3042\u308bclub goods\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u3001TV\u96fb\u6ce2\u3001BS\uff08\u653e\u9001\u885b\u661f\uff09\u96fb\u6ce2\u3001CS(\u901a\u4fe1\u885b\u661f)\u96fb\u6ce2\u3001\u643a\u5e2f\u96fb\u6ce2\u3001\u516c\u8846\u7121\u7ddaLAN\u96fb\u6ce2\u306a\u3069\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u305f\u30c6\u30ec\u30d3\u653e\u9001\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3001\u52d5\u753b\u914d\u4fe1\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u3002<\/div>\n
\u3000<\/div>\n
\n
(1) \u4f1a\u54e1\u9650\u5b9a\u306e\u6709\u6599\u653e\u9001<\/div>\n
\n
    \n
  1. BS WOWOW\uff083ch\u3001\u6708\u984d 2,300\u5186\uff09<\/a>\n
  2. CS \u30b9\u30ab\u30d1\u30fc\uff01\u65b0\u57fa\u672c\u30d1\u30c3\u30af\uff0847ch\u3001\u6708\u984d3,672\u5186)<\/a>\n\t<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
    (2) \u4f1a\u54e1\u9650\u5b9a\u306e\u52d5\u753b\u914d\u4fe1\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9<\/div>\n
    \n
      \n
    1. d\u30d3\u30c7\u30aa\uff08\u4f5c\u54c1\u6570 12\u4e07\u4f5c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3001\u6708\u984d500\u5186\u7a0e\u629c\uff09<\/a>\n
    2. hulu\uff08\u6708\u984d933\u5186\u7a0e\u629c\uff09<\/a>\n
    3. Netflix\uff08\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30d5\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3001\u6708\u984d\u3000\u30d9\u30fc\u30b7\u30c3\u30af 650\u5186\u3001\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30c9 950\u5186\u3001\u30d7\u30ec\u30df\u30a2\u30e0 1,450\u5186\uff09<\/a>\n
    4. \u30cb\u30b3\u30cb\u30b3\u52d5\u753b(\u30d7\u30ec\u30df\u30a2\u30e0\u4f1a\u54e1\u3001\u6708\u984d500\u5186\u7a0e\u629c)<\/a>\n
    5. NHK\u30aa\u30f3\u30c7\u30de\u30f3\u30c9<\/a>(\u898b\u9003\u3057\u756a\u7d44\u898b\u653e\u984c\u30d1\u30c3\u30af\u3000\u6708\u984d\u3000\u7a0e\u8fbc\u3000972\u5186<\/a>\u3001\u7279\u9078\u756a\u7d44\u898b\u653e\u984c\u30d1\u30c3\u30af\u3000\u6708\u984d\u3000\u7a0e\u8fbc\u3000972\u5186<\/a>\uff09<\/span>\n\t<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
      (3) \u4f1a\u54e1\u9650\u5b9a\u306e\u7dcf\u5408\u7684\u914d\u4fe1\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9<\/div>\n
      \n
        \n
      1. Toyoko Cable Network(TCN, \u8352\u5ddd\u533a\u30fb\u6587\u4eac\u533a\u30fb\u5343\u4ee3\u7530\u533a)<\/a>\u306b\u3088\u308bTCN\u30c6\u30ec\u30d3(80ch\u30674,953\u5186\u300166ch\u30674,000\u5186\u300129ch\u30672,000\u5186\uff09<\/a>\n\t<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
        <\/div>\n
        \uff14\uff0e\u6d88\u8cbb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7af6\u5408\u6027(rivalry, rivalrousness)\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6 — free rider\u6392\u9664\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u59a5\u5f53\u6027<\/div>\n
        \u3000<\/div>\n
        \n
        \u672c\u65e5\u306e\u6388\u696d\u3067\u306f \u300c\u6d88\u8cbb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7af6\u5408\u6027\u300d(rivalrous)\u6982\u5ff5\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u3001\u4e0b\u8a18\u4e09\u3064\u306e\u4e3b\u8981\u8ad6\u70b9\u306e\u5185\u306e\u7b2c\uff11\u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\u3092\u4e3b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d6\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u305f\u3002<\/div>\n
        \u3000<\/div>\n
        \n
        \u8ad6\u70b9\uff11.\u300c\u4e00\u5b9a\u9650\u5ea6\uff1d\u8a31\u5bb9\u9650\u5ea6\u5185\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6d88\u8cbb\u306e\u975e\u7af6\u5408\u6027\u300d\u3068\u300c\u4e00\u5b9a\u9650\u5ea6\uff1d\u8a31\u5bb9\u9650\u5ea6\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6d88\u8cbb\u306e\u7af6\u5408\u6027\u300d<\/div>\n
        \u8ad6\u70b92.\u3000\u540c\u4e00\u8ca1\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b \u300c\u6d88\u8cbb\u306e\u975e\u7af6\u5408\u6027\u300d\u3068\u300c\u6d88\u8cbb\u306e\u7af6\u5408\u6027\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8c\u3064\u306e\u7279\u6027\u306e\u5171\u5728\uff08\u5229\u7528\u6cd5\u30fb\u5229\u7528\u5834\u9762\u306e\u5dee\u7570\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7279\u6027\u306e\u9055\u3044\uff09<\/div>\n
        \u8ad6\u70b93. \u300c\u5171\u6642\u300d\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7af6\u5408\u6027\u3000vs \u300c\u901a\u6642\u300d\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7af6\u5408\u6027<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
        \u3000<\/div>\n
        \u6d88\u8cbb\u306e\u7af6\u5408\u6027\u306e\u76f8\u5bfe\u6027\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7b2c\u4e00\u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u7406\u89e3\u304c\u5fc5\u8981—\u300c\u30b3\u30e2\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u60b2\u5287\u300d\u554f\u984c\u3082\u5229\u7528\u8005\u6570\u304c\u4e00\u5b9a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u305f\u6642\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u554f\u984c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6d88\u8cbb\u306e\u7af6\u5408\u306f\u554f\u984c\u306b\u306a\u3089\u305asustainable\u306a\u5229\u7528\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/div>\n
        \u500b\u3005\u306e\u5ea7\u5e2d\u3067\u898b\u308c\u3070\u3001\u65b0\u5e79\u7dda\u306e\u6307\u5b9a\u5e2d\u3084\u81ea\u7531\u5e2d\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u3001\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5ea7\u5e2d\u306a\u3069\u306f\u3001\u300c\u3042\u308b\u4eba\u304c\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5ea7\u5e2d\u3092\u4ed6\u306e\u4eba\u304c\u5229\u7528\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u306e\u304a\u3044\u3066\u6392\u4ed6\u7684\u5229\u7528\u304c\u554f\u984c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u304c\u3001\u5229\u7528\u8005\u306e\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u304c\u5ea7\u5e2d\u6570\u5168\u4f53\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u76f8\u5bfe\u7684\u306b\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306b\u306f\u3001\u300c\u3042\u308b\u6642\u9593\u5e2f\u306e\u65b0\u5e79\u7dda\u306e\u4fbf\u5168\u4f53\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u3001\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7a7a\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5e2d\u3092\u5fc5\u305a\u898b\u3064\u3051\u3066\u5229\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u65b0\u5e79\u7dda\u306e\u7740\u5e2d\u5229\u7528\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u3001\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u306e\u7740\u5e2d\u5229\u7528\u305d\u308c\u81ea\u4f53\u306frivalrous\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
        \u3000<\/div>\n
        [\u8003\u5bdf\u3057\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3046] <\/div>\n
        \n
        \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u7248\u30a6\u30a3\u30ad\u30da\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u300c\u975e\u7af6\u5408\u6027\u300d<\/a>\u3067\u975e\u7af6\u5408\u6027\u3092\u6301\u3064goods\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300c\u6620\u753b\u300d\u3001\u300c\u56f3\u66f8\u9928\u300d\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3001\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3042\u308b\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u5236\u7d04\u6761\u4ef6\u306e\u3082\u3068\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u7af6\u5408\u6027\u304c\u554f\u984c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/div>\n
        \u305d\u308c\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3092\u308f\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u304f\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u306a\u3055\u3044\u3002<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
        \u3000<\/div>\n
        \uff15\uff0efree rider\u306e\u6392\u9664\u53ef\u80fd\u6027(excludability)\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8b70\u8ad6 — Free rider\u6392\u9664\u306e\u6839\u62e0\u304a\u3088\u3073\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6cd5\u7684\u8b70\u8ad6\uff08\u6cd5\u7684\u6a29\u5229\uff09\u3001\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u8b70\u8ad6\uff08\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff09\u3001\u6280\u8853\u7684\u8b70\u8ad6\uff08\u6280\u8853\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff09\uff3b\u6b21\u56de\u8ad6\u3058\u308b\u4e88\u5b9a\u306e\u8ad6\u70b9\uff3d<\/div>\n
        \u3000<\/div>\n
        [\u95a2\u9023\u5fa9\u7fd2\u4e8b\u9805]<\/div>\n
        \n
        1.\u30b9\u30de\u30db\u306e\u88fd\u9020\u30e1\u30fc\u30ab\u30fc\u304c\u300c\u7121\u6599\u300d\u3067\u5229\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308bGoogle\u306eAndroid OS<\/div>\n
        Android Open Source Project<\/a><\/div>\n
        \u3000<\/div>\n
        2.\u516c\u5171\u8ca1(public goods)\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u8ca1(information goods)\u306e\u5171\u901a\u96c6\u5408\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u516c\u5171\u7684\u60c5\u5831\u8ca1(public information goods)<\/div>\n
        \u516c\u5171\u8ca1(public goods)\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3068\u60c5\u5831\u8ca1(information goods)\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7279\u6027\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5fc5\u8981<\/div>\n
        \u3000<\/div>\n
        3.\u60c5\u5831\u8ca1(information goods)\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7279\u6027<\/div>\n
        \n
        \u60c5\u5831\u8ca1\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b2\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u8ca1\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u300c\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30f3\u30c4\u300d\u7cfb\u60c5\u5831\u8ca1\u3068\u300c\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30e0\u300d\u7cfb\u60c5\u5831\u8ca1<\/div>\n
        \u60c5\u5831\u8ca1\u306e\u7279\u6709\u6027\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u3001\u300c\u9650\u754c\u8cbb\u7528\u306e\u4f4e\u3055\u300d\u3068\u300c\u79c1\u7684\u5360\u6709\u306e\u56f0\u96e3\u6027\u300d<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
        \u3000<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \uff11\uff0e\u79c1\u7684\u8ca1\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u30fb\u6709\u7528\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3059\u300c\u30b3\u30e2\u30f3\u30ba\u306e\u60b2\u5287\u300d vs \u5171\u6709\u8ca1\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027 … \u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u8aad\u3080 →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5238","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanosemi.com\/sano_lecture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5238","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanosemi.com\/sano_lecture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanosemi.com\/sano_lecture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanosemi.com\/sano_lecture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanosemi.com\/sano_lecture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5238"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanosemi.com\/sano_lecture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5238\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5264,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanosemi.com\/sano_lecture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5238\/revisions\/5264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sanosemi.com\/sano_lecture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5238"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanosemi.com\/sano_lecture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5238"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sanosemi.com\/sano_lecture\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5238"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}