Historia Scientiarum,No.100-No.109, TABLE OF CONTENTS

Posted on 07/02/2017 by sano

Vol.23 No.1

Vol.22 No.3

Vol.22 No.2
Article
Introduction: Special Issue > Social History of Medicine in Modern Japan(pp.63-67)
SUZUKI,Akihito

Translating Medical Knowledge : Japan’s First Medical Journal – Taisei meii iko『泰西名医彙講』(pp.68-87)
JANNETTA,Ann

Relocating Psychiatric Knowledge : Meiji Psychiatrists, Local Culture(s), and the Problem of Fox Possession(pp.88-109)
BURNS,Susan L.

Popularization of Psychiaric Knowledge in Modern Japan at the Turn of the Twentieth Century : Focusing on the Newspaper Coverage of Mental Disorders(pp.110-124)
SATO,Masahiro

From the Laboratory to the Kitchen : The Oral History of Nutrition and its Application to the History of Science(pp.125-141)
RIE,Hogetsu

Nation from the Bottom Up : Disease, Toilets and Waste Management in Prewar Japan(pp.142-158)
BAY,Alexander R.

Vol.22 No.1
Article
Aristotle on the Debate about the Central Organ of the Human Body in the 5th and 4th Centuries BC(pp.1-21)
IMAI,Masahiro

Note
The Japanese Clocks and Time in the Past : Non-standard Seasonal Time Inscribed on Scale Plates of Foot-Ruler Clocks(pp.22-39)
HASHIMOTO,Takehiko

Book Review
Book Review: NISIO Sigeko, Kagaku Janarizumu no Senkusha, Hyoden, ISHIWARA Jun (A Critical Biography of Ishiwara Jun: A Pioneer in Science Journalism),Tokyo:Iwanami Shoten,2011(pp.40-42)
OKAMOTO,Takuji

News
The Program of the 59th Annual Meeting of the History of Science Society of Japan

Contents
CONTENTS OF HISTORIA SCIENTIARUM, No.19(1980)-No.42(1991)(pp.47-61)

Vol.21 No.3
Article
Introduction: Special Issue > Science, Technology, and the State in East Asia: Experts and Politicians in Postwar Korea and Japan(pp.159-160)
HASHIMOTO,Takehiko

The Dual Green Revolutions in South Korea : Reforestation and Agricultural Revolution under the Authoritarian Regime(pp.161-173)
MOON,Manyong

Technoscience and Politics in Korea in the 1970s : “Scientification of All People Movement” and the “Saemaul Technical Service Corps”(pp.174-192)
LEE,Young-Mi and HONG,Sungook

Managing the Interface between Politics and Technology : Itokawa Hideo, Shima Hideo, and the Early Japanese Space Programs(pp.193-210)
SATO,Yasushi

Yokkaichi Asthma and Building the System of Certification of Pollution-related Patients in the 1960s(pp.211-227)
FENG,Danyang

CONTENTS OF HISTORIA SCIENTIARUM, VOLUME 21(pp.229-230)

Vol.21 No.2
Article
Statement by The President of The History of Science Society of Japan(pp.91-92)
DOKE,Tatsumasa

Galileo’s Principle of Descending Motion along Inclined Planes(pp.93-102)
ITO,Kazuyuki

Herophilus of Chalcedon and the Hippocratic Tradition in Early Alexandrian Medicine(pp.103-122)
IMAI,Masahiro

Women’s Translations of Scientific Texts in the 18th Century : A Case Study of Marie-Anne Lavoisier(pp.123-137)
KAWASHIMA,Keiko

Vol.21 No.1
Article
Introduction : Special Issue > Encounters with the West: Science, Technology and Visual Culture in East Asia from the 18th to the 19th Century(pp.1-2)
LOW,Morris and CHUNG,Hyung-Min

Perspectives in Early Qing-Dynasty Pictures of Tilling and Weaving and Pictures of Cotton(pp.3-19)
HAMMERS,Roslyn Lee

Art, Class and Gender in Joseon Dynasty Korea : Representations of Lower-Class Women by the Scholar-Painter Yun Duseo(pp.20-42)
CHUNG,Saehyang

Agricultural Illustrations of 19th Century Korea : Imwon gyeongjeji (Treatises on Management of Forest and Garden) by Seo Yugu(pp.43-65)
CHUNG,Hyung-Min

The Impact of Western Science and Technology on Ukiyo-e Prints and Book Illustrations in Late Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Japan(pp.66-87)
LOW,Morris

Eloge
In Memorial of Fumihiko SATOFUKA(pp.88-89)
NAKAYAMA,Shigeru

Vol.20 No.3
Article
Introduction : Special Issue > Historical Studies on Scientific and Pedagogical Instruments(pp.165-166)
HASHIMOTO,Takehiko

Whirling Arm and Its Role in Experimental Research on Fluid Resistance in the Eighteenth Century(pp.167-178)
NAKAZAWA,Satoshi

Detecting, Recording and Expanding : Instrumentation of Earthquake and Tsunami Observations in Meiji Japan(pp.179-195)
KIM,Boumsoung

The First Higher School’s Instruments for Science and Engineering Education(pp.196-211)
OKAMOTO,Takuji

The Physical Apparatus Collection at Kyoto University : Historical Material as Thing Knowledge(pp.212-219)
NAGAHIRA,Yukio

News
The Program of the 57th Annual Meeting of the History of Science Society of Japan

Contents
CONTENTS OF HISTORIA SCIENTIARUM, VOLUME 20

Vol.20 No.2
Article
Introduction : Special Issue > Historical Studies on Scientific Experiments and Instruments(pp.61-62)
HASHIMOTO,Takehiko

Success from Different Programs : The Development of Experimental Researches on Thermal Radiation in Germany at the End of the 19th Century(pp.63-95)
KONAGAYA,Daisuke

“How Far Do Experiments on Models Represent Experiments on Full Sized Machines?” : The Examination and Dispute on the Reliability of the Wind Tunnels in Britain, 1909-1917(pp.96-122)
HASHIMOTO,Takehiko

The Strategy for Acceptance of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope: Observations of the Si(111)7×7 Reconstructed Surface, 1959-1986(pp.123-146)
YAMAGUCHI,Mari

Eloge
To the Memory of Lawrence Badash(1934-2010) (pp.147-149)
YAGI,Eri

Note
Nuclear Winter and the End of the Age of Agriculture (pp.150-163)
Badash,Lawrence

Vol. 20 No.1
Posted in Historia Scientiarum, Information of Journals of the Society | Comments Off on Historia Scientiarum,No.100-No.109, TABLE OF CONTENTS

Historia Scientiarum, No.100-No.109

Posted on 07/02/2017 by sano


Second series : international journal of the History of Science Society of Japan
ISSN:02854821
Vol. 20
No.1, Jury 2010, pp. 1- 60
No.2, December 2010, pp. 61-164
No.3, March 2011, pp.165-226
　
Vol. 21
No.1, Jury 2011, pp. 1-90
No.2, December 2011, pp. 91-158
No.3, March 2012, pp.159-230
　
Vol. 22
No.1, Jury 2012, pp. 1-62
No.2, December 2012, pp. 63-158
No.3, March 2013, pp.159-238
　
Vol. 23

Posted in Historia Scientiarum, Information of Journals of the Society | Comments Off on Historia Scientiarum, No.100-No.109

Historia Scientiarum, Vol.23 No.1, July 2013

Posted on 07/01/2017 by sano

Article


1st-Page-Icon2s1st Page PDF
(Open Access)		 Edmund C.Berkeley as a Popularizer and an Educator of Computers and Symbolic Logic(pp.1-23)
SUGIMOTO, Mai（杉本舞）
Kansai University（関西大学）

Abstract
This paper explores how Edmund C. Berkeley tried to instruct and popularize high-speed computers in the 1940s and 1950s and how Berkeley emphasized the connection between computers and symbolic logic. Berkeley strengthened his conviction in the significance of symbolic logic and Boolean algebra before his graduation from Harvard University and maintained this conviction for more than 30 years. Berkeley published books and articles, including Giant Brains, and sold electrical toy kits by which young boys could learn electrical circuits and their logical implications. The target audience of Berkeley covered wide range of people including those who were not making computers but were interested in using them, that is, amateur adult technology enthusiasts who enjoyed tinkering with technology or reading about science and technology, and young students. In these projects Berkeley used Shannon’s paper of 1938, “A symbolic analysis of relay and switching circuits” as a theoretical basis of his conviction. Design of these kits was fine-tuned by Claude E. Shannon.

Keywords
Edmund C. Berkeley, symbolic logic, computer, Claude E. Shannon, Giant Brains

Note


1st-Page-Icon2s1st Page PDF
(Open Access)		 The Evolution of the Gender Question in the Study of Madame Lavoisier(pp.24-37)
KAWASHIMA, Keiko
Nagoya Institute of Technology, Omohi College

Abstract
This paper analyses the changes in the image of Madame Lavoisier from the perspective of gender in two centuries worth of academic literature. From her lifetime to the end of the twentieth century, which marked the 200 years anniversary of Antoine Lavoisier’s death, this woman was mainly praised as the quintessential sensible woman who had been dedicated to her husband, the father of the Chemical Revolution. Whereas this was intended as a praise to Madame Lavoisier, an investigation conducted from this perspective does not mean it depicted her as one of the intellectuals of the eighteenth century. On the other hand, a study that attempted to portray who she really was, due to the gender question, could be accused of bias and manipulating the historical documents; furthermore, if such a study adopted an unsuitable methodology, it would only end up emphasizing her as a “”wicked woman””. From the perspective of second-wave feminism, personified by the slogan ”The personal is political””, this paper shows the importance of the perception of Madame Lavoisier as a person who supported the Chemical Revolution in her own right.
Such a perspective demands an analysis of how Marie-Anne Lavoisier has been described more recently, especially before the emergence of second-wave feminism, as well as how the research on her changed after this shift in feminist thought occurred. Such works can answer the question of when scientists attracted attention in history. In particular, this paper will compare the ways that female and male scientific researchers have attracted attention and shed light on the reasons for the difference between how the two sexes have been treated, to stop adopting the view of the strong and the tendency to group humans according to different conditions and think of them as being the same. This research approach will be a usef11l method for not only gender minority studies in the history of science but also for other minority studies.

Keywords
Korean mathematics, geometrical diagrams, use of colors in diagrams,representation of three-dimensional objects

Contents


icon-pdfFull Page PDF
[Pages 57-60]
(Open Access)		 CONTENTS OF HISTORIA SCIENTIARUM, Volume 1 – Volume10(pp.59-75)
Posted in Historia Scientiarum, Historia Scientiarum, Vol.23 No.1, Information of Journals of the Society | Comments Off on Historia Scientiarum, Vol.23 No.1, July 2013

Historia Scientiarum Vol.23 No.1, Jury 2013

Posted on 07/01/2017 by sano

Article


1st-Page-Icon2s1st Page PDF
(Open Access)		 Edmund C.Berkeley as a Popularizer and an Educator of Computers and Symbolic Logic(pp.1-23)
SUGIMOTO, Mai（杉本舞）
Kansai University（関西大学）

Abstract
This paper explores how Edmund C. Berkeley tried to instruct and popularize high-speed computers in the 1940s and 1950s and how Berkeley emphasized the connection between computers and symbolic logic. Berkeley strengthened his conviction in the significance of symbolic logic and Boolean algebra before his graduation from Harvard University and maintained this conviction for more than 30 years. Berkeley published books and articles, including Giant Brains, and sold electrical toy kits by which young boys could learn electrical circuits and their logical implications. The target audience of Berkeley covered wide range of people including those who were not making computers but were interested in using them, that is, amateur adult technology enthusiasts who enjoyed tinkering with technology or reading about science and technology, and young students. In these projects Berkeley used Shannon’s paper of 1938, “A symbolic analysis of relay and switching circuits” as a theoretical basis of his conviction. Design of these kits was fine-tuned by Claude E. Shannon.

Keywords
Edmund C. Berkeley, symbolic logic, computer, Claude E. Shannon, Giant Brains

Note


1st-Page-Icon2s1st Page PDF
(Open Access)
 The Evolution of the Gender Question in the Study of Madame Lavoisier(pp.24-37)
KAWASHIMA, Keiko
Nagoya Institute of Technology, Omohi College

Abstract
This paper analyses the changes in the image of Madame Lavoisier from the perspective of gender in two centuries worth of academic literature. From her lifetime to the end of the twentieth century, which marked the 200 years anniversary of Antoine Lavoisier’s death, this woman was mainly praised as the quintessential sensible woman who had been dedicated to her husband, the father of the Chemical Revolution. Whereas this was intended as a praise to Madame Lavoisier, an investigation conducted from this perspective does not mean it depicted her as one of the intellectuals of the eighteenth century. On the other hand, a study that attempted to portray who she really was, due to the gender question, could be accused of bias and manipulating the historical documents; furthermore, if such a study adopted an unsuitable methodology, it would only end up emphasizing her as a “”wicked woman””. From the perspective of second-wave feminism, personified by the slogan ”The personal is political””, this paper shows the importance of the perception of Madame Lavoisier as a person who supported the Chemical Revolution in her own right.
Such a perspective demands an analysis of how Marie-Anne Lavoisier has been described more recently, especially before the emergence of second-wave feminism, as well as how the research on her changed after this shift in feminist thought occurred. Such works can answer the question of when scientists attracted attention in history. In particular, this paper will compare the ways that female and male scientific researchers have attracted attention and shed light on the reasons for the difference between how the two sexes have been treated, to stop adopting the view of the strong and the tendency to group humans according to different conditions and think of them as being the same. This research approach will be a usef11l method for not only gender minority studies in the history of science but also for other minority studies.

Keywords
Korean mathematics, geometrical diagrams, use of colors in diagrams,representation of three-dimensional objects

Contents


icon-pdfFull Page PDF
[Pages 57-60]
(Open Access)
 CONTENTS OF HISTORIA SCIENTIARUM, Volume 1 – Volume10(pp.59-75)
Posted in Historia Scientiarum, Historia Scientiarum, Vol.23 No.1, Information of Journals of the Society | Comments Off on Historia Scientiarum Vol.23 No.1, Jury 2013

Historia Scientiarum, No.100-No.109

Posted on 07/01/2017 by sano


Second series : international journal of the History of Science Society of Japan
ISSN:02854821
Vol. 20
No.1, Jury 2010, pp. 1- 60
No.2, December 2010, pp. 61-164
No.3, March 2011, pp.165-226
　
Vol. 21
No.1, Jury 2011, pp. 1-90
No.2, December 2011, pp. 91-158
No.3, March 2012, pp.159-230
　
Vol. 22
No.1, Jury 2012, pp. 1-62
No.2, December 2012, pp. 63-158
No.3, March 2013, pp.159-238
　
Vol. 23

Posted in Historia Scientiarum, Information of Journals of the Society | Comments Off on Historia Scientiarum, No.100-No.109

Historia Scientiarum, Vol.22 No.3, July 2010

Posted on 07/01/2017 by sano


Article 1



icon-pdfFull Page PDF
(Open Access)		 Introduction: Special Issue > Science and Soviet Political Authorities: Conflict, Cooperation, and Incongruence
(pp.159-160)
ICHIKAWA, Hiroshi
Graduate School of the Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University


Article 2


1st-Page-Icon2s1st Page PDF
(Open Access)		 Science as Co-Producer of Soviet Polity(pp.161-180)
KOJEVNIKOV, Alexei
Department of History, University of British Columbia

Abstract
The cultural authority of science reached its peak during the period of high modernity. Various countries and societies partook in this trend, but it found its ultimate expression within the communist, Soviet-type polity. This article discusses the cultural underpinnings of this characteristic feature of Soviet society and examines one of its major ramifications, the key role of scientific actors in creating and shaping the basic features of Soviet civilization. Examples illustrate this role in different time periods: from building the foundations of the Soviet state in the 1920s, through determining the major vectors of Stalinist economic expansion and industrialization, to designing some key priorities of post-Stalin reforms and the later perestroika. Different types of actors drew their power and inspiration from the cultural authority of science- “bourgeois specialists,” amateur enthusiasts, engineers-turned-politicians, and nuclear physicists. Some of the important legacies they left behind continue to persist today, even if often misattributed, so that a historical analysis is required to uncover their original roots.

Keywords
cultural authority, science and modernity, Soviet polity, experts and political advice


Article 3


1st-Page-Icon2s1st Page PDF
(Open Access)		 Parallel Worlds : Formal Structures and Informal Mechanisms of Postwar Soviet Mathematics(pp.181-200)
GEROVITCH, Slava
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Abstract
The postwar period is often viewed as the “Golden Age” of Soviet mathematics, yet the mathematical community in that period faced serious constraints. Restrictions on foreign travel, limited access to foreign literature, obsessive secrecy regulations, an obsolete university curriculum, the declining level of the faculty, discriminatory policies in university admissions and employment, and limitations on physical access to universities and research institutions – all these factors worked against the creation of a fully functional research community. This article argues that the thriving of Soviet mathematics in that period was due to the creation of a parallel social infrastructure. Soviet mathematicians organized a network of study groups (“math circles”), correspondence courses, and specialized mathematical schools in major cities, opened free courses for students barred from top universities, offered employment at applied mathematics institutions to talented researchers who were denied academic positions, and developed an extensive system of open research seminars, bringing together multigenerational groups of researchers and fostering collaboration and the spread of new ideas.

Keywords
Soviet Union, mathematics, education, politics, discrimination


Article 4


1st-Page-Icon2s1st Page PDF
(Open Access)		 Between Ideology and Science : Dialectics of Dispute on Physics in 1920s-1930s Soviet Russia(pp.201-214)
KANAYAMA, Koji
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between Soviet scientific community and authority in the Stalin era by investigating how specialists of physical sciences and communist ideologues deal with interpretation of physical theories or concepts in the 1920s and 1930s. Soviet physico-philosophical disputes have often been regarded as a persistent attack on modern physical theories by well allied ideologues or ignoramuses. Minute study of historical documents with a consideration of socio-political context tells us, however, that this veiw must be radically revised. Attacks on leading physicists were not well formed, except for the comparatively short period of the Great Terror. Physicists also sought to find the way of description of physics, which is compatible with Marxist ideology dialectical materialism. We will suggest that it will be suitable to grasp the process of dispute as one of acquiring “Soviet Newspeak”, not as a success on showing the correctness or usefulness of physics by leading physicists.Ÿ

Keywords
Dialectical Meterialism, Science in the Soviet Union, Sergei Vavilov, Ideology and Science, Philosophy of Physics


Article 5


1st-Page-Icon2s1st Page PDF
(Open Access)		 Soviet Physicists during the War : Jealousy, Discord and the Ideological Dispute(pp.215-226)
ICHIKAWA, Hiroshi
Graduate School of the Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University

Abstract
Around the beginning of “the Cold War,” a series of philosophical “discussions” began in various fields of science in the Soviet Union. An intense dispute arouse also in the field of physics. We must not, however, exaggerate the ideological aspect of this issue. Using the newly declassified documents, the author tries to shed a new light on the material and emotional factors behind the ideological guise of this dispute. During the war the majority of the institutes of the Academy of Sciences continued scientific research mainly for military purposes. Significant results were achieved in varous fields of science. At the same time, the wartime experience deepened “rift” between scientists inside and outside of the Academy. Particularly the wartime evacuation of the scientific research institutes and the institutions of higher education to the different places resulted in strenghening the tendency of the functional separation between the Academy of Sciences and universities. The initiation of this assumingly ideologically-motivated campaign in the field of physics rekindled jealousy and hatred accumulated on the side of university professors and lecturers towards some of their “colleagues” with a record of splendid academic and scientific achievements.Ÿ

Keywords
Soviet Physicists, Soviet Ideology, the Academy of Sciences, Moscow State University, Wartime Research, Wartime Evacuation


Article 6


1st-Page-Icon2s1st Page PDF
(Open Access)		 The Institute of Genetics frm 1939 to 1940 : Reconsidering Lysenko’s Intervention in Soviet Genetics(pp.227-236)
SAITO, Hirofumi
Tokyo Institute of Technology

Abstract
This paper takes up some cases of resistance to Lysenko developing inside and around the Institute of Genetics of the USSR Academy of Sciences from 1939 to 1940. Based on these cases, it reconsiders Lysenko’s intervention in the Institute of Genetics, offering a revision of previous interpretations of it. It thus presents a new picture of Lysenko’s relationship with the Institute of Genetics before Nikolai Vavilov’s arrest. Lysenko’s intervention in the Institute of Genetics was not noticed immediately. Geneticists of the Institute of Genetics were still more influential than biologists of the agrobiology school of Lysenko around April 1940. So Lysenko “strove to” establish his own base in the Institute of Genetics, causing resistance from geneticists.Ÿ

Keywords
The Institute of Genetics, The USSR Academy of Sciences, Lysenko, Vavilov, Soviet genetics


Contents

icon-pdfFull Page PDF
[Pages 57-60]
(Open Access)		 CONTENTS OF HISTORIA SCIENTIARUM, No.22

Posted in Historia Scientiarum, Information of Journals of the Society | Comments Off on Historia Scientiarum, Vol.22 No.3, July 2010

Historia Scientiarum, Vol.22 No.3, July 2010

Posted on 07/01/2017 by sano


Article 1



icon-pdfFull Page PDF
(Open Access)		 Introduction: Special Issue > Science and Soviet Political Authorities: Conflict, Cooperation, and Incongruence
(pp.159-160)
ICHIKAWA, Hiroshi
Graduate School of the Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University


Article 2


1st-Page-Icon2s1st Page PDF
(Open Access)		 Science as Co-Producer of Soviet Polity(pp.161-180)
KOJEVNIKOV, Alexei
Department of History, University of British Columbia

Abstract
The cultural authority of science reached its peak during the period of high modernity. Various countries and societies partook in this trend, but it found its ultimate expression within the communist, Soviet-type polity. This article discusses the cultural underpinnings of this characteristic feature of Soviet society and examines one of its major ramifications, the key role of scientific actors in creating and shaping the basic features of Soviet civilization. Examples illustrate this role in different time periods: from building the foundations of the Soviet state in the 1920s, through determining the major vectors of Stalinist economic expansion and industrialization, to designing some key priorities of post-Stalin reforms and the later perestroika. Different types of actors drew their power and inspiration from the cultural authority of science- “bourgeois specialists,” amateur enthusiasts, engineers-turned-politicians, and nuclear physicists. Some of the important legacies they left behind continue to persist today, even if often misattributed, so that a historical analysis is required to uncover their original roots.

Keywords
cultural authority, science and modernity, Soviet polity, experts and political advice


Article 3


1st-Page-Icon2s1st Page PDF
(Open Access)		 Parallel Worlds : Formal Structures and Informal Mechanisms of Postwar Soviet Mathematics(pp.181-200)
GEROVITCH, Slava
Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Abstract
The postwar period is often viewed as the “Golden Age” of Soviet mathematics, yet the mathematical community in that period faced serious constraints. Restrictions on foreign travel, limited access to foreign literature, obsessive secrecy regulations, an obsolete university curriculum, the declining level of the faculty, discriminatory policies in university admissions and employment, and limitations on physical access to universities and research institutions – all these factors worked against the creation of a fully functional research community. This article argues that the thriving of Soviet mathematics in that period was due to the creation of a parallel social infrastructure. Soviet mathematicians organized a network of study groups (“math circles”), correspondence courses, and specialized mathematical schools in major cities, opened free courses for students barred from top universities, offered employment at applied mathematics institutions to talented researchers who were denied academic positions, and developed an extensive system of open research seminars, bringing together multigenerational groups of researchers and fostering collaboration and the spread of new ideas.

Keywords
Soviet Union, mathematics, education, politics, discrimination


Article 4


1st-Page-Icon2s1st Page PDF
(Open Access)		 Between Ideology and Science : Dialectics of Dispute on Physics in 1920s-1930s Soviet Russia(pp.201-214)
KANAYAMA, Koji
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between Soviet scientific community and authority in the Stalin era by investigating how specialists of physical sciences and communist ideologues deal with interpretation of physical theories or concepts in the 1920s and 1930s. Soviet physico-philosophical disputes have often been regarded as a persistent attack on modern physical theories by well allied ideologues or ignoramuses. Minute study of historical documents with a consideration of socio-political context tells us, however, that this veiw must be radically revised. Attacks on leading physicists were not well formed, except for the comparatively short period of the Great Terror. Physicists also sought to find the way of description of physics, which is compatible with Marxist ideology dialectical materialism. We will suggest that it will be suitable to grasp the process of dispute as one of acquiring “Soviet Newspeak”, not as a success on showing the correctness or usefulness of physics by leading physicists.Ÿ

Keywords
Dialectical Meterialism, Science in the Soviet Union, Sergei Vavilov, Ideology and Science, Philosophy of Physics


Article 5


1st-Page-Icon2s1st Page PDF
(Open Access)		 Soviet Physicists during the War : Jealousy, Discord and the Ideological Dispute(pp.215-226)
ICHIKAWA, Hiroshi
Graduate School of the Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University

Abstract
Around the beginning of “the Cold War,” a series of philosophical “discussions” began in various fields of science in the Soviet Union. An intense dispute arouse also in the field of physics. We must not, however, exaggerate the ideological aspect of this issue. Using the newly declassified documents, the author tries to shed a new light on the material and emotional factors behind the ideological guise of this dispute. During the war the majority of the institutes of the Academy of Sciences continued scientific research mainly for military purposes. Significant results were achieved in varous fields of science. At the same time, the wartime experience deepened “rift” between scientists inside and outside of the Academy. Particularly the wartime evacuation of the scientific research institutes and the institutions of higher education to the different places resulted in strenghening the tendency of the functional separation between the Academy of Sciences and universities. The initiation of this assumingly ideologically-motivated campaign in the field of physics rekindled jealousy and hatred accumulated on the side of university professors and lecturers towards some of their “colleagues” with a record of splendid academic and scientific achievements.Ÿ

Keywords
Soviet Physicists, Soviet Ideology, the Academy of Sciences, Moscow State University, Wartime Research, Wartime Evacuation


Article 6


1st-Page-Icon2s1st Page PDF
(Open Access)		 The Institute of Genetics frm 1939 to 1940 : Reconsidering Lysenko’s Intervention in Soviet Genetics(pp.227-236)
SAITO, Hirofumi
Tokyo Institute of Technology

Abstract
This paper takes up some cases of resistance to Lysenko developing inside and around the Institute of Genetics of the USSR Academy of Sciences from 1939 to 1940. Based on these cases, it reconsiders Lysenko’s intervention in the Institute of Genetics, offering a revision of previous interpretations of it. It thus presents a new picture of Lysenko’s relationship with the Institute of Genetics before Nikolai Vavilov’s arrest. Lysenko’s intervention in the Institute of Genetics was not noticed immediately. Geneticists of the Institute of Genetics were still more influential than biologists of the agrobiology school of Lysenko around April 1940. So Lysenko “strove to” establish his own base in the Institute of Genetics, causing resistance from geneticists.Ÿ

Keywords
The Institute of Genetics, The USSR Academy of Sciences, Lysenko, Vavilov, Soviet genetics


Contents

icon-pdfFull Page PDF
[Pages 57-60]
(Open Access)		 CONTENTS OF HISTORIA SCIENTIARUM, No.22

Posted in Historia Scientiarum, Historia Scientiarum, Vol.22 No.3, Information of Journals of the Society | Comments Off on Historia Scientiarum, Vol.22 No.3, July 2010

Historia Scientiarum, Vol.20 No.1, Jury 2010

Posted on 07/01/2017 by sano

　

1st-Page-Icon2s1st Page PDF
(Open Access) 		How Physical Laws Were Understood in Mid-19th Century East Asia : A Comparative Study of Choe Han-gi and Nishi Amane(pp.1-20)
KIM,Sungkhun
Office for History of Science and Technology, University of California, Berkley

Abstract
This article analyzes the work of two Neo-Confucianists, Choe Han-gi (1803-1877) and Nishi Amane (1829-1897), who endeavored to construct the metaphysical ground of modern scientific knowledge in Korea and Japan during the mid-19th century. The influx of Western scientific knowledge into East Asia triggered a reinterpretation of Neo-Confucianism, which had been the main body of traditional knowledge. Nishi and Choe designed the philosophical underpinning that allowed acceptance of modern Western scientific knowledge. This involved division of the ri (理, principle) of Neo-Confucianism into two different concepts, the laws of the physical world and those of the human world. Choe’s and Nishi’s concepts of the laws of the physical world were clearly similar to the laws of nature of modern Western science. Although Nishi and Choe found a way to reinterpret Neo-Confucianism and to construct the metaphysical ground for acceptance of modern Western science, by dividing ri, the significance is that they tried to reconnect the laws of the physical world with those of the human world. This study will attempt to demonstrate Various prototypes for the metaphysical ground of modern scientific knowledge existed in mid-19th century East Asia.

Keywords
Nishi Amane, Choe Han-gi, the laws of the physical world, the laws of the human world, Neo-Confucianism

　


1st-Page-Icon2s1st Page PDF
(Open Access)		 Far Eastern Vacuum and Electricity : Augustin Hallerstein and Experimental Correspondence between Beijing and Europe(pp.21-46)
JUZNIC,Stanislav
Scientific Research Centre, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts

Abstract
Hallerstein’s astronomical excellence was widely recognized recently. As one of the prominent scientist attached to the Chinese Imperial Court, he was involved in other types of research besides astronomy, but his authorship was not always obvious amidst the Jesuits’ collective work. Besides astronomical observations the Beijing Jesuits also provided early electricity experiment, which enabled Volta’s inventions of the electrophorus and battery. The development of such devices paved the way for electrical observations that were longer in duration than the quick ones conducted with the Leyden jar. The scientists urgently needed a new approach because they wanted to know the process responsible for an interesting electrical spark. Electric experiments became fashionable in European high society meetings, as vacuum pumps had somewhat earlier. Both innovations were introduced to the Chinese court in Hallerstein’s time, but never garnered the same amount of interest as Western astronomy did. One reason for the Chinese indifference was the nonexistence of a wider technical use for vacuum or electricity during Hallerstein’s lifetime. Ingenhousz and other physicians educated in Leyden eventually developed a broader use of electricity in countries considered somewhat scientifically backward, such as Hallerstein’s native Habsburg monarchy and Japan.

Keywords
Hallerstein, Ingenhousz, Jesuits, Electrophorus, Air Pumps

　


Note


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(Open Access)		 A History of Entropy through Various Methods : Specially Focused on Technical Term Analysis(pp.47-56)
YAGI,Eri* and OKAMOTO, Tadokoro Rika**
* Toyo University:Eri Yagi Institute for History of Science
** Eri Yagi Institute for History of Science

Abstract
Rudolf Clausius’s 16 papers on the mechanical theory of heat have been studied through four various methods, i.e. traditional text analysis with the help of Clausius’s own manuscripts, mathematical equation analysis, experimental data table analysis, and technical term analysis. The first three analyses were briefly summarized while the result of the last technical analysis was explained with such important terms in thermodynamics as Disgregation (Degree of dispersion) and Uncompensirte Verwandlung (Non compensated transformation). These terms played important roles through indicating the micro nature and irreversible character, respectively before the appearance of the term Entropie (entropy) in Clausius’s famous paper of 1865. The result of technical term analysis for his paper on the theory of electricity (1853) by the use of a text mining method is also shown with tables and figures.

Keywords
R. Clausius, Entropy, mechanical theory of heat,irreversible (non reversible), text mining
　


Book Review


icon-pdfFull Page PDF
[Pages 57-60]
(Open Access)		 Book Review: Luís SARAIVA, and Catherine JAMI, eds., The Jesuits, the Padroado and East Asian Science (1552-1773)(pp.57-60)
HASHIMOTO,Takehiko
Department of History and Philosophy of Science, the University of Tokyo
Posted in Historia Scientiarum, Historia Scientiarum, Vol.20 No.1, Information of Journals of the Society | Comments Off on Historia Scientiarum, Vol.20 No.1, Jury 2010

Historia Scientiarum, Vol.20 No.1, Jury 2010

Posted on 07/01/2017 by sano

　

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(Open Access) 		How Physical Laws Were Understood in Mid-19th Century East Asia : A Comparative Study of Choe Han-gi and Nishi Amane(pp.1-20)
KIM,Sungkhun
Office for History of Science and Technology, University of California, Berkley

Abstract
This article analyzes the work of two Neo-Confucianists, Choe Han-gi (1803-1877) and Nishi Amane (1829-1897), who endeavored to construct the metaphysical ground of modern scientific knowledge in Korea and Japan during the mid-19th century. The influx of Western scientific knowledge into East Asia triggered a reinterpretation of Neo-Confucianism, which had been the main body of traditional knowledge. Nishi and Choe designed the philosophical underpinning that allowed acceptance of modern Western scientific knowledge. This involved division of the ri (理, principle) of Neo-Confucianism into two different concepts, the laws of the physical world and those of the human world. Choe’s and Nishi’s concepts of the laws of the physical world were clearly similar to the laws of nature of modern Western science. Although Nishi and Choe found a way to reinterpret Neo-Confucianism and to construct the metaphysical ground for acceptance of modern Western science, by dividing ri, the significance is that they tried to reconnect the laws of the physical world with those of the human world. This study will attempt to demonstrate Various prototypes for the metaphysical ground of modern scientific knowledge existed in mid-19th century East Asia.

Keywords
Nishi Amane, Choe Han-gi, the laws of the physical world, the laws of the human world, Neo-Confucianism

　


1st-Page-Icon2s1st Page PDF
(Open Access)		 Far Eastern Vacuum and Electricity : Augustin Hallerstein and Experimental Correspondence between Beijing and Europe(pp.21-46)
JUZNIC,Stanislav
Scientific Research Centre, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts

Abstract
Hallerstein’s astronomical excellence was widely recognized recently. As one of the prominent scientist attached to the Chinese Imperial Court, he was involved in other types of research besides astronomy, but his authorship was not always obvious amidst the Jesuits’ collective work. Besides astronomical observations the Beijing Jesuits also provided early electricity experiment, which enabled Volta’s inventions of the electrophorus and battery. The development of such devices paved the way for electrical observations that were longer in duration than the quick ones conducted with the Leyden jar. The scientists urgently needed a new approach because they wanted to know the process responsible for an interesting electrical spark. Electric experiments became fashionable in European high society meetings, as vacuum pumps had somewhat earlier. Both innovations were introduced to the Chinese court in Hallerstein’s time, but never garnered the same amount of interest as Western astronomy did. One reason for the Chinese indifference was the nonexistence of a wider technical use for vacuum or electricity during Hallerstein’s lifetime. Ingenhousz and other physicians educated in Leyden eventually developed a broader use of electricity in countries considered somewhat scientifically backward, such as Hallerstein’s native Habsburg monarchy and Japan.

Keywords
Hallerstein, Ingenhousz, Jesuits, Electrophorus, Air Pumps

　


Note


1st-Page-Icon2s1st Page PDF
(Open Access)		 A History of Entropy through Various Methods : Specially Focused on Technical Term Analysis(pp.47-56)
YAGI,Eri* and OKAMOTO, Tadokoro Rika**
* Toyo University:Eri Yagi Institute for History of Science
** Eri Yagi Institute for History of Science

Abstract
Rudolf Clausius’s 16 papers on the mechanical theory of heat have been studied through four various methods, i.e. traditional text analysis with the help of Clausius’s own manuscripts, mathematical equation analysis, experimental data table analysis, and technical term analysis. The first three analyses were briefly summarized while the result of the last technical analysis was explained with such important terms in thermodynamics as Disgregation (Degree of dispersion) and Uncompensirte Verwandlung (Non compensated transformation). These terms played important roles through indicating the micro nature and irreversible character, respectively before the appearance of the term Entropie (entropy) in Clausius’s famous paper of 1865. The result of technical term analysis for his paper on the theory of electricity (1853) by the use of a text mining method is also shown with tables and figures.

Keywords
R. Clausius, Entropy, mechanical theory of heat,irreversible (non reversible), text mining
　


Book Review


icon-pdfFull Page PDF
[Pages 57-60]
(Open Access)		 Book Review: Luís SARAIVA, and Catherine JAMI, eds., The Jesuits, the Padroado and East Asian Science (1552-1773)(pp.57-60)
HASHIMOTO,Takehiko
Department of History and Philosophy of Science, the University of Tokyo
Posted in Historia Scientiarum, Historia Scientiarum, Vol.20 No.1, Information of Journals of the Society | Comments Off on Historia Scientiarum, Vol.20 No.1, Jury 2010

化学史関係リンク

Posted on 10/23/2016 by sano

Classic Papers from the History of Chemistry(and Some Physics too)
http://www.chemteam.info/Chem-History/Classic-Papers-Menu.html
Selected Classic Papers from the History of Chemistry
http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/papers.html

Posted in Information of Journals of the Society | Comments Off on 化学史関係リンク